The
International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project is a communication and
coordination service for the ocean carbon community
The International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP)
Ocean Carbon Instrument and Sensor Directory
This directory provides information about sensors developed and used by the ocean carbon research community. Information is provided by the sensor developers. Inclusion on this list does not constitute an endorsement by the IOCCP. To add a sensor to this directory, please contact Maciej Telszewski at m.telszewski@unesco.org.
DIC by coulometric titration; Alkalinity by open cell potentiometric tritration; 3 samples / hour.
Platforms:
discrete sampling
Contact Information:
; Dr. Ludger Mintrop
References:
Brief Description:
Commercial / first series in field tests with scientific institutes. DIC by extraction and IR measurement of purged CO2; 6-10 samples/hour, sample volume > 1 ml.
Platforms:
discrete sampling
Contact Information:
; Dr. Ludger Mintrop
References:
Brief Description:
DIC, LI7000 based; Small sample volume (< 1 ml), 6 minutes per analysis
Coulometer for DIC analyses (does not include sample handling or gas extraction); Repeatability of ±0.019% (152.30 ± 0.03 μg C; n=58) was attained when successively analyzing the ~30cm3 of 1% CO2 in air (at T / K =293.15 and P / hPa =1013.25). Repeatability of ±0.6 μmol kg-1 was estimated from 188 pairs of replicate analyses on board R/V Mirai during its WHP P21 cruise conducted in 2009.
Platforms:
discrete sampling
Contact Information:
Dr Masao Ishii <mishii@mri-jma.go.jp> or Dr Akihiko Murata <murataa@jamstec.go.jp> until commercially avaialable in May 2010.
References:
Alkalinity: Commercial Sensors
Brief Description:
Total Alkalinity by open cell potentiometric (Gran) titration
Small sample volume (12-25 ml), 8 minutes per titration
Alkalinity by open cell potentiometric titration
3-4 samples / hour.
Platforms:
discrete sampling
Contact Information:
; Dr. Ludger Mintrop
References:
Brief Description:
1. Total Alkalinity Titration Equipment - Auto titration equipment uses the open-cell alkalinity titration method; high accuracy and repeatability.
2. Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) Titration Equipment- Auto measuring equipment uses the semi-closed-cell alkalinity titration method; high accuracy and repeatability.
Platforms:
discrete sampling
Contact Information:
; sales@kimoto-electric.co.jp
References:
pCO2: Commercial Sensors
Brief Description:
Measures both surface air and aqueous pCO2 concentrations (LiCor NDIR based). Precision is ~1ppm. Daily data transmission via Iridium satellite.
Sampling frequency is every 3 hours over 400 days without maintenance; frequency is fully adjustable and can be modified remotely via satellite. Zero and span gas calibrations with every sample.
Demonstrated capability of more than 12 months of autonomous operation. Modular design allows buoy platform flexibility. Can interface with up to three additional sensors.
Designed by MBARI ; Enhanced by NOAA ; Manufactured and Commercialized by Battelle.
Platforms:
underway systems, moorings, drifters
Contact Information:
Mark Davis (DavisMP@Battelle.org)
References:
Brief Description:
pCO2 by IR detection featuring automatic zero point calibration
High sampling rate; pumped interface; low cost; long term stability
Surface ocean and atmospheric pCO2 (LiCOR), equilibrator temperature, atmospheric pressure, gps, diagnostic variables. Additional modules for underway dissolved O2, SST and salinity, met data, etc, can be added or integrated from existing ship systems.
Platforms:
underway systems
Contact Information:
;
Contact: Dr. Nick Hardman-Mountford (PML), Dr. Tim Fileman (PML commercial manager), and Colin Opie (Dartcom)
References:
Hardman-Mountford, N.J., Moore, G.F., Bakker, D.C.E., Watson, A.J., Schuster, U., Barciela, R., Hines, A., Moncoiffé, G., Brown, J., Dye, S., Blackford, J., Somerfield, P., Holt, J., Hydes, D.J., Aiken, J. (2008). An operational monitoring system to provide indicators of CO2-related variables in the ocean. ICES Journal of Marine Science. Accepted.
Brief Description:
Autonomous indicator-based sensors for measurement of the partial pressure of CO2 of seawater. Temperature is also measured.
Low power for long-term (>1 year) deployments. Accomodates up to 3 additional sensors such as PAR, O2 optodes, beam-c transmissometers, and chl-a fluorometers. Optional anti-fouling configuration for extreme fouling environments. Underway and in situ configurations available.
Platforms:
underway systems, moorings, drifters
Contact Information:
http://www.sunburstsensors.com/; Jim Beck
(jim@sunburstsensors.com)
References:
DeGrandpre, M.D., Baehr, M.M. and T.R. Hammar. (1999).
Calibration-free optical chemical sensors. Anal. Chem., 71, 1152-1159. DeGrandpre, M.D., Hammar, T.R., Smith, S.P., and F.L. Sayles. (1995). In situ measurements of seawater pCO2. Limnol. Oceanog., 40, 969-975.
Brief Description:
Surface ocean pCO2 (ph-based), atmospheric pressure, SST, salinity, pH, fluorescence; Drift buoy autonomy >1yr; data in near-real time by satellite trasmission.
Platforms:
drifters
Contact Information:
;
Contact: Patrice Brault; see also Dr. Liliane Merlivat.
References:
Merlivat, L., and P.Brault (1995), CARIOCA buoy: Carbon dioxide monitor, Sea Techn.,10,23-30. Bates, N. R., L. Merlivat, L. Beaumont, and C. Pequignet, 2000. Intercomparison of shipboard and moored CARIOCA buoy seawater measurements in the Sargasso Sea. Marine Chemistry 72: 239-255.
Brief Description:
NDIR-based; continuous flow-through system wtih tandem type gas-liquied equilibrator
Platforms:
underway systems
Contact Information:
sales@kimoto-electric.co.jp
References:
Chierici, M.; Fransson, A. and Nojiri, Y., (2006), Biogeochemical processes as drivers of surface fCO2 in contrasting provinces in the subarctic North Pacific Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles 20 GB1009
doi:10.1029/2004GB002356. Murphy, P.P.; Nojiri, Y.; Fujinuma, Y.; Wong, C.S.; Zeng, J.; Kimoto, T. and Kimoto, H., (2001), Measurements of Surface Seawater fCO2 from
Volunteer Commercial Ships: Techniques and Experiences from Skaugran, J. Atmos. Ocn. Tech. 18 1719-1734. Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y. Miyazaki, C. Tsumori, H. and Mukai, H., (2009)
Variations of oceanic pCO2 and air-sea CO2 flux in the North Pacific Ocean since 1995, Proceeding of 8th International Carbon Dioxide Conference, T2-059, Jena, Germany.
Brief Description:
Optical, headspace-based underwater sensor for the measurement of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). Within the HydroC™ a headspace is realized in the form of an equilibrated gas stream in which the CO2 concentration is measured optically by means of non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) absorption spectrometry.Latest developments using an external pump have decreased response time to 60s.The HydroC™ has an internal zeroing procedure, is pressure resistant to 6.000m water depth and available with an internal data logger, as flow-through model and arctic version.
Fietzek, P. and Körtzinger, A. (2009) In: Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society, 21.-25.09.2009, Venice, Italy.
Brief Description:
Flow through pCO2 system for underway measurements with high performance dual beam NDIR detector behind a silicon membrane. Resolution < 1 uatm; accuracy +/- 3uatm, time response 1 minute.
The Picarro G1200 CO2/H2O Analyzer is a real time, trace gas monitor capable of measuring these gases parts-per-billion (ppbv) sensitivity. The analyzer is based on Picarro’s unique Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (WS-CRDS), a time-based measurement utilizing a near-infrared laser to measure a spectral signature of the molecule.
Platforms:
underway, surface mooring
Contact Information:
; email Picarro@mail.vresp.com
References:
pCO2: Custom Sensors
Brief Description:
pCO2 by LICOR IR detection (sea surface + atmosphere), barometric pressure, position (GPS); Designed for temporary use on resaerch vessels (not VOS), where minimum service is possible; small size and weight for easy transport and installation on small vessels. Prototype / under tests at sea; commercial system for late 2008.
Platforms:
underway systems
Contact Information:
; Dr. Ludger Mintrop
References:
University of East Anglia System
Brief Description:
Instrument measuring xCO2 in seawater and overlying atmosphere; detection is NDIR-based and seawater xCO2 determined by equilibration. Additionally, temperature, salinity and oxygen, are measured in seawater.
Cooper, D.J., A.J. Watson, and R.D. Ling (1998) Variation of pCO2 along a North Atlantic shipping route (U.K. to the Caribbean): A year of automated observations. Marine Chemistry, 60, 147-164. Schuster, U. and A.J. Watson (2007) A variable and decreasing sink for anthropogenic CO2 in the North Atlantic. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, vol. 112, C1106, doi: 10.1029/2006JC003941.
pH: Commercial Sensors
Brief Description:
Autonomous indicator-based sensors for measurement of
seawater pH. pH range 7.5-8.5; Accuracy 0.002; precision <0.001.
Accomodates up to 3 additional sensors such as PAR, O2 optodes, beam-c
transmissometers, and chl-a fluorometers. Underway and in situ
configurations available.
Platforms:
underway systems, moorings, drifters
Contact Information:
http://www.sunburstsensors.com/; Jim Beck (jim@sunburstsensors.com)
References:
Seidel, M.P., DeGrandpre, M.D. and A.G. Dickson. (2008). A sensor for in
situ indicator-based measurements of seawater pH, Mar. Chem., 109, 18–28. Martz, T.R., Carr, J.J., French, C.R. and M.D. DeGrandpre. (2003). A
submersible autonomous sensor for spectrophotometric pH measurements of
natural waters. Anal. Chem., 75,1844-1850.
Particulate Carbon: Commercial Sensors
Brief Description:
Optical (beam attenuation coefficient at 660 nm). Fully autonomous. Response time = 0.1 s.
Bishop, J.K.B., T.J. Wood, R.E. Davis and J.T. Sherman (2004) Robotic Observations of Enhanced Carbon Biomass and Export at 55S. Science 304, 417-420. See also supplemental online materials. Bishop, J.K.B., R.E. Davis and J.T. Sherman (2002) Robotic Observations of Dust Storm Enhancement of Carbon Biomass in the North Pacific. Science 298, 817-821. See also Supplemental Materials. Bishop, J. K. B., T.J. Wood (2008) Particulate Matter Chemistry and Dynamics in the Twilight Zone at VERTIGO ALOHA and K2 Sites. Deep-Sea Research I , 55, 1684-1706, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2008.07.012 Bishop, J. K. B., T.J. Wood (2009) Year Round Observations of Carbon Biomass and Flux Variability in the Southern Ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles , 23, doi:10.1029/2008GB003206
Brief Description:
Optical, mineral (calcite / aragonite) birefringence at 660 nm. Fully autonomous. Proposal pending to commercialize. Response time = 0.1 s. Available for commerciallization via Technology Transfer.
Guay C.K. and J.K.B. Bishop (2002) A rapid birefringence method for measuring suspended CaCO3 concentrations in water, Deep-Sea Research I, 49, 197-210 Bishop, J. K. B. (2009) Autonomous Observations of the Ocean Biological Carbon Pump. Oceanography , 22 (2), 182-193.
Brief Description:
Optical (multiple imagine methods), detects organic and inorganic carbon components of flux on hourly basis for seasons to one year. Fully autonomous (Iridium profiling float + OSR). Response time < 4 s. Available for commerciallization via Technology Transfer.
Platforms:
underway systems, profiling floats
Contact Information:
Contact: Dr. Jim Bishop
References:
Bishop, J. K. B. (2009) Autonomous Observations of the Ocean Biological Carbon Pump. Oceanography , 22 (2), 182-193.
Project Office address: UNESCO-IOC, 1 Rue Miollis, Paris France 75732 Cedex 15
